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commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.
|
alloying elements |
effect on the properties |
|
chromium |
increases resistance to corrosion and oxidation. increases hardenability and wear resistance. increases high temperature strength. |
|
nickel |
increases hardenability. improves toughness. increases impact strength at low temperatures. |
|
molybdenum |
increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. enhances the effects of other alloying elements. eliminate temper brittleness in steels. increases high temperature strength. |
|
manganese |
increases hardenability. combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects. |
|
vanadium |
increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. improves fatigue resistance. |
|
titanium |
strongest carbide former. added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide. |
|
silicon |
removes oxygen in steel making. improves toughness. increases hardness ability |
|
boron |
increases hardenability. produces fine grain size. |
|
aluminum |
forms nitride in nitriding steels. produces fine grain size in casting. removes oxygen in steel melting. |
|
cobalt |
increases heat and wear resistance. |
|
tungsten |
increases hardness at elevated temperatures. refines grain size. |
depending on the quantities of alloying elements following properties of material get affected such as
· corrosion resistance
· hardenability
· machinability
· high or low-temperature stability
· ductility
· toughness
· better wear resistance
· improved weldability
american society for testing and materials(astm), american society of mechanical engineers (asme)
|
description |
standard |
dimension |
steel code/ steel grade |
|
carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubing, either hot-finished or cold-finished |
astm a519 |
20-180 x 2-30 |
a1, c |
|
seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat-exchanger tubes |
astm a213 09 |
10.3-426 x 1.0-36 |
t5, t5b, t9 , t11, t22 ,t91 |
|
seamless carbon and alloy steel for mechanical tubing |
astm a333 |
1/4"-42" x sch20-xxs |
grade1 gr. 3,gr..6, gr.8 , gr. 9 |
|
seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service |
astm 335/335m |
1/4"-42" x sch20-xxs |
p5, p9 ,p11, p91, p22, p92 |
germany safety(gs), deutsches institut fur normung(din)
|
product name |
executive standard |
dimension (mm) |
steel code/ steel grade |
|
seamless steel tubes for elevated temperature |
din 17175 |
10-762 x 1.0-120 |
st35.8,st45.8, 10crmo910, 15mo3, 13crmo44, stpl340, stb410, stb510, wb36 |
|
seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes |
en10216 |
4.0-60.0 x 0.5-8 |
p235gh tc1, p235gh tc2, 16mo3 |
|
seamless precision steel tube applications |
en 10305-1 |
13.5-165.1 x 1.8-4.85 |
st33.2 |
|
seamless precision steel tube |
din 2391 |
4.0-60.0 x 0.5-8 |
st35, st45, st52 |
