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ferritic steel is a grade of stainless steel alloy that contains over 12% chromium. it differs from other forms of stainless steel in two critical regards: its molecular grain structure and its chemical composition.
ferritic stainless steel is actually defined as a straight chromium non-hardenable class of stainless alloys that have chromium contents ranging from 10.5% to 30% and a carbon content of less than 0.20%.
ferritic steels can be divided into 3 common groups and 2 special ferritic grades:
group 1 (type 409, 410, 420): stainless steels with a chromium content of 10.5-14% belong to the first group of ferrites. they are not as resistant to corrosion as other ferritic steels which is why they are best suited for low-corrosive environments. due to their relatively low levels of chromium, stainless steels of this group are the least expensive.
group 2 (type 430): the most used type of ferritic steel shows greater corrosion resistance than types of the first group. their chromium contents range from 14-18%, making them comparable to austenitic stainless steel grade 304, the most used type of steel. type 430 often replaces 304 for indoor applications such as household units and kitchenware because it shows magnetic properties.
group 3 (type 430ti, 439, 441): ferritic steels of this group show an even higher content of chromium (14-18%). they are defined by their goof weldability, ductility and corrosion resistance. they are best utilized in areas of durability and low levels of maintenance costs and can even be used for outdoor applications. their properties even surpass those of grade 304 austenitic steel, which is why ferritic steels of this group are used in a wide range of areas, such as valves, exhaust systems, and washing machines.
group 4 (type 434, 436, 444): to increase corrosion resistance, molybdenum can be added to the already high levels of chromium. ferritic steels of this type can be used in highly demanding environments, such as water tanks, exhaust systems and outdoor applications.
group 5 (type 446, 445): the last group includes ferritic stainless steels with added chromium and molybdenum contents. this results in even higher corrosion resistance and is best suited for areas of high corrosion. being comparable to titanium metal in terms of wear resistance, these grades are ideal for heat exchangers, water heaters and boilers.
chemical compositions (balance: fe) | |||
aisi / astm | en | weight % | |
cr | other elements | ||
405 | 1.4000 | 12.0 - 14.0 | - |
409l | 1.4512 | 10.5 - 12.5 | 6(c+n)<ti<0.65 |
410l | 1.4003 | 10.5 - 12.5 | 0.3<ni<1.0 |
430 | 1.4016 | 16.0 - 18.0 | - |
439 | 1.4510 | 16.0 - 18.0 | 0.15+4(c+n)<ti<0.8 |
430ti | 1.4511 | 16.0 -18.0 | ti: 0.6 |
441 | 1.4509 | 17.5 - 18.5 | 0.1<ti<0.6 0.3+3c<nb<1.0 |
434 | 1.4113 | 16.0 - 18.0 | 0.9<mo<1.4 |
436 | 1.4513 | 16.0 - 18.0 | 0.9<mo<1.4 0.3<ti<0.6 |
444 | 1.4521 | 17.0 - 20.0 | 1.8<mo<2.5 0.15+4(c+n)<ti+nb<0.8 |
447 | 1.4592 | 28 - 30.0 | 3.5<mo<4.5 0.15+4(c+n)<ti<0.8 |
type | grades | description |
409l | ssi-409l | a lean chromium (11%) stainless steel with a small columbium (niobium) addition to prevent weld sensitization. |
410l | ssi-410l | a lean chromium (12%) stainless steel with low carbon and nitrogen (“l” indicates<0.03%) to maximize both corrosion resistance and ductility. |
430l | ssi-430l | a higher chromium (17%) stainless steel to improve general corrosion resistance compared to 409l and 410l. |
430lcb | ssi-430lcb | stainless steel 430l a type with a small columbium (niobium) addition to prevent weld sensitization. |
430n | apmi/mpif 430n2 | 430 sintered in an atmosphere containing nitrogen for higher strength and hardness at the expense of some corrosion resistance. |
434l | ssi-434l | 430l stainless steel with a small addition of molybdenum (1%) improves general corrosion resistance. |
434lcb |
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