The industrial flange connection design
Date:2025-01-15
Flange design refers to the design of the flange connection, which includes three parts: gasket design, bolt (stud) design, and flange body design. The most important method of flange design is the famous Waters method, which was adopted in GB 150. Its design points are:
1. Gasket design: This is the basis of flange connection design. According to the design conditions and the medium used, the appropriate gasket type and material should be selected, the gasket size (inner diameter, outer diameter, thickness) should be determined, and then the gasket's clamping force in the pre-tightened state and the operating state should be calculated.
2. Bolt/stud design: Select bolts of appropriate materials according to the design conditions, and calculate the bolt area required to meet the gasket pre-tightened state and the operating state clamping force. The actual configured bolt area should not be less than the calculated area. The principle of bolt design is to determine the smaller bolt center circle diameter. The requirements can be met by selecting appropriate bolt specifications and quantities.
3. Flange body design: Flange design is divided into two cases: internal pressure and external pressure. Flanges that bear external pressure can be designed according to the calculation method of flanges that bear internal pressure, but the calculation of the operating torque of the flange is slightly different. There are two calculation methods for narrow-face flanges, namely, calculation according to loose flanges and calculation according to integral flanges. Arbitrary flanges are usually calculated according to integral flanges, which can be simplified to loose flange calculations under certain conditions. Loose flange calculations are relatively simple, and the thickness of the flange can be calculated at one time. The design of integral flanges requires repeated trial calculations based on the assumption of the structural dimensions of each part.
For integral flanges, first assume the dimensions of the flange cone neck and flange ring according to the structural conditions of the equipment. Then calculate the torque borne by the flange and the various stresses generated. When the stresses differ greatly from the corresponding allowable stresses, the originally set flange dimensions should be adjusted, and the above calculations should be repeated until the stresses are all less than their respective allowable stresses and the difference is not large, which is a reasonable design.
The calculation of wide face flanges is not divided into forms, and is calculated according to the simplified model of "simply supported beam".
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